I listened to a very interesting talk recently (via GoogleTech Talks--if the link is broken, search for Breakthroughs in Imaging Neurovascular diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis ...). Mark Haacke, the speaker, had some years ago developed Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI)--an MR modality that uses the phase information in a signal to image iron deposits in the brain. His talk is interesting because there is a story, a narrative, built around this endeavour and his efforts to find important clinical applications. Indeed, he has linked his research to Paolo Zamboni's work with multiple sclerosis (MS). (There is a Facebook group advocating a Nobel prize for Zamboni so a significant impact is projected.)
For those of us in research it is always rewarding to witness--even from afar--the full lifecycle of an idea or concept. Haacke shows how he develops the method (it is really just another case of using parts of the signal that were being filtered out as noise); verifies (with Xray fluorescence--XRF) that what they are looking at is iron; looks for and finds iron deposits in the veins and brain tissue of patients with MS and other neurological diseases (which suggests that excess iron is a biomarker for these kinds of conditions); makes a case for the quantitative analysis of the venous system (the other half of the better explored arterial system); identifies new imaging applications such as the previously unseen microbleeds in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI); presents temporal data to show the build-up of iron and finally links this aggregation with Zamboni's hypothesis that the narrowing or stenosis of veins (such as the internal jugular vein--IJV) that drain out of the brain, creates a reflux which subsequently results in the accumulation of iron.
It remains to be seen if multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases have a vascular origin but at the very least, the evidence--presented in various ways in this talk--shows a strong cause.
Haacke ends by listing specific ways in which "technical people" can get involved. He suggests ways to quantify blood flow, develop biomarkers, track patients, develop databases and develop new sponsership models to fund all this work. It's a very complete talk in this sense and the right way to invite people with different kinds of expertise in.
The talk is pitched at a general audience but there is enough detail so that someone like me, who works in medical imaging and with MS datasets, can also benefit. I'm a street kid; there've been no mentors. And talks like this give a perspective I haven't been able to get anywhere else. But more pampered academics can also benefit. I've been reading a paper where the author dabbles in a whole lot of esoteric math but is unable to construct a biomarker that appeals to common sense. Well, having perspective is one way to compensate for a lack of common sense.
